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Qara Khitai
The Qara Khitai (alternatively spelled ''Kara Khitai'', (モンゴル語:Хар Хятан); (ペルシア語:خانات قراختایی), 1124〔1124 is the year in which Yelü Dashi proclaimed himself king, while still in Mongolia〕–1218), also known as the Kara Khitan Khanate or Western Liao (), officially the Great Liao (), was a sinicized Khitan empire in Central Asia. The dynasty was founded by Yelü Dashi, who led the remnants of the Liao dynasty to Central Asia after fleeing from the Jurchen conquest of their homeland in the north and northeast of modern-day China. The empire was usurped by the Naimans under Kuchlug in 1211; traditional Chinese, Persian, and Arab sources considered the usurpation to be the end of the Qara Khitai rule.〔''The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History: Between China and the Islamic World'', pp. 2〕 The empire was later taken by the Mongol Empire in 1218.
== Names ==
Kara Khitan (Hala Qidan) was the name used by the Khitans to refer to themselves. The phrase is often translated as the ''Black Khitans'' in Turkish, but its original meaning is unclear today.〔''The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History: Between China and the Islamic World'', pp. 216-217〕 In Mongolian, "Kara-Khitan" is rendered "Хар Хятан" (Khar Kidan). Since no direct records from the empire survive today, the only surviving historical records about the empire come from outside sources. The empire took on trappings of a Chinese state, so Chinese historians generally refer to the empire as the ''Western Liao dynasty'', emphasizing its continuation from the Liao dynasty in north and northeast China. The Jurchens referred to the empire as ''Dashi'' or ''Dashi Linya'' (after its founder), to reduce any claims the empire may have had to the old territories of the Liao Dynasty. Muslim historians initially referred to the state simply as ''Khitay'' or ''Khitai''; they may have adopted this form of "Khitan" via the Uyghurs of Kocho in whose language the final -n or -ń became -y.〔 Only after the Mongol conquest did the state begin to be referred to in the Muslim world as the ''Kara-Khitai'' or ''Qara-Khitai''.〔''The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History: Between China and the Islamic World'', pp. 215-217〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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